6th Annual conference on Clinical & Pediatric Nephrology May 09-10, 2016 New Orleans,Louisiana, USA

Comprehensive Pediatric Nephrology includes new clinical resource brings a state of the art comprehensive review on every clinical condition encountered in pediatric nephrology.
All essential topics in the field of pediatric nephrology are covered, including anatomy and physiology, renal replacement and kidney transplantation therapies. Studies may involve medical, surgical, nutritional, physiologic, biochemical, pathologic or immunologic aspects of disease, imaging techniques or consequences of renal failure.

 

The kidneys are vital for life with their complex network of blood vessels and intricate network of tubes and tubules that filter blood of its waste products and excess water.The kidneys maintain the fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base regulation that are altered by several disease conditions as well as drugs and toxins. Nephrology (from Greek νεφρÏŒς nephros "kidney", combined with the suffix -logy, "the study of") is a specialty of medicine and pediatrics that concerns itself with the study of normal kidney function, kidney problems, the treatment of kidney problems and renal replacement therapy (dialysis and kidney transplantation). Nephrology deals with study of the normal working of the kidneys as well as its diseases. The diseases that come under the scope of nephrology include:-

Glomerular disorders that affect the tiny filtering systems of the kidneys called the glomerulus, Urine abnormalities such as excess excretion of protein, sugar, blood, casts, crystals etc.Tubulointerstitial diseases affecting the tubules in the kidneys, Renal vascular diseases affecting the blood vessel networks within the kidneys, Renal failure that can be sudden or acute or long term or chronic, Kidney and bladder stones, Kidney infections, Cancers of the kidneys, bladder, and urethra, Effects of diseases like diabetes and high blood pressure on kidneys, Acid base imbalances, Nephrotic syndrome and nephritis, Ill effects of drugs and toxins on the kidneys, Dialysis and its long term complications - dialysis includes hemodialysis as well as peritoneal dialysis, Autoimmune diseases including autoimmune vasculitis, lupus, etc. Polycystic kidneys diseases where large cysts or fluid filled sacs are formed within the kidney impairing its functions - this is a congenital and inherited or genetic condition

Paediatric Nephrology evaluates and treats hematuria, proteinuria, renal tubular acidosis, nephrolithiasis, glomerulonephritis, and kidney failure. It also includes disorders of  urinary tract infections (UTI). An example is polycystitis, a disease in which bacteria infect the urinary bladder, causing inflammation and  Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is a genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous cysts in the kidneys.
Renal failure is a condition in which the kidneys lose the ability to function. Nitrogenous wastes build up in the blood, the pH drops, and urine production slows down. In chronic renal failure, the urinary system declines, causing permanent loss of kidney function.
 

In addition to a thorough physical exam and complete medical history, the following tests are conducted.
Urine tests to check for protein
Blood tests to check the levels of cholesterol and a special blood protein called albumin
Renal ultrasound, a noninvasive test in which a transducer is passed over the kidney producing sound waves which bounce off of the kidney, transmitting a picture of the organ on a video screen. The test is used to determine the size and shape of the kidney and to detect a mass, kidney stone, cyst, or other obstruction or abnormalities.
Renal biopsy,  a procedure where a small sample of tissue is taken from the kidney through a needle. The tissue is sent for special testing to determine the specific disease.

Depending on the underlying cause, some types of kidney disease can be treated. Often, though, chronic kidney disease has no cure. In general, treatment consists of measures to help control signs and symptoms, reduce complications, and slow progression of the disease. If the child  kidneys become severely damaged, then that child may need treatment for end-stage kidney disease.
Selective anti-hypertensive drugs in treatment of chronic kidney failure in children:
Converting enzyme inhibitors (eg: captopril, enalapril, lisinopril)
Calcium channel blockers (eg: diltiazem)
Diuretics (eg:Hydrochlorothiazide,Furosemide..etc.)
Beta blockers (Acebutalol,atenolol..etc)

 

Transplantation is the preferred method of treatment for end-stage renal disease in children. The rate of pediatric kidney transplantation has been steadily rising over the past decade. Renal transplantation is the treatment of choice for pediatric patients with end-stage renal failure. Living donor transplantation (LDT) has become an important therapeutic option due to the shortage of cadaver donors and increasingly long waiting times. Kidney transplantation involves more than simply an operation. Human leukocyte antigens (HLA) and panel reactive antibody (PRA)
 

There are several diseases that can cause acute kidney failure. In some cases, the child’s kidneys may not be able to remove the normal waste products that build up in the blood which can lead to severe swelling of the body and organs. So in such cases Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) is a treatment used to support children with kidney failure and/or fluid overload who are too sick for traditional dialysis.
Pediatric Renal transplantation is accepted as the treatment option for children with final stage of renal diseases such as ESRD (End Stage Renal Disease).
Artificial kidney is often a synonym for hemodialysis, but may also, more generally, refer to renal replacement therapies (with exclusion of kidney transplantation) that are in use and/or in development. Despite the ability of artificial kidney  bio artificial kidney - which uses a patient's own cells in an artificial structure is used, which would fulfill functions unaddressed by current dialysis.

Dialysis is a process that corrects the balance of fluids and chemicals in the body. It also removes waste from the body. It is needed because the kidneys are not functioning well enough to do the jobs on their own.
 There are two types of dialysis:  Hemodialysis, Peritoneal dialysis
Hemodialysis is more commonly used, peritoneal dialysis is an option for a child with a regular care giver who is able to give the treatment at home and these two types are for children with both acute and chronic kidney failure.
Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy, is for children with acute kidney failure and it is a form of hemodialysis that can be performed continuously over a 24-hour period. This therapy is gentler and more closely replicates the function of kidneys. Because of the long time period, this therapy is well suited for children who cannot tolerate other types of dialysis.


 

Kidney Health Disparities pertaining to African American, Hispanic, American Indian and Alaska Native adults are twice as likely as white adults to have diabetes, which is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its progression to kidney failure (also known as End Stage Renal Disease, or ESRD) is devastating and disproportionately affects minority communities. Since no specific in alternative and Ayurvedic medicine for kidney can help to treat kidney failure effectively, the best method is to combine them. Immunotherapy, as one great breakthrough in treating end-stage renal disease, is just a combination of advanced western medical technologies and traditional herbal medicines, so this therapy mainly has two big effects. Renal Care specialists are dedicated to the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of renal disease and injury.
 

Pediatric nephrologists are the coordinators of a team that includes specialized nurses, dieticians, and social workers, all dedicated to the care of children with kidney diseases. They work closely with other physicians such as pediatric urologists, pediatric surgeons, and pediatric radiologists.

Nephrology is a specialty of medicine and pediatrics that concerns itself with the study of normal kidney function, kidney problems, the treatment of kidney problems and renal replacement therapy. Pediatric Nephrology will address the issues related to Pediatric Renal care. So this Program will be going to receive with an enthusiasm by Pediatric Nephrologists. Delegates will have the opportunity to get valuable insights by attending to an exciting and interactive scientific program with state of the art presentation, video demonstrations and hands- on workshops, delivered by a World-class Pediatric Nephrology Faculty.